S meters, computer software

topic posted Thu, October 13, 2005 - 5:18 PM by  Shooter
Is an S meter some thing I can use to test the strength of a radio signal?

Is there something that is hand held that will give me the band/freq of signals around me, other than my scanner.

I saw something on TV where a guy from Popular mechanics had a computer program that showed the signals around is his area and their relative strengths. Does anyone know what this is and what kind of hardware you need?

KD8ANE
posted by:
Shooter
Austin
  • Re: S meters, computer software

    Fri, October 14, 2005 - 5:20 AM
    S-meters are usually built into a radio, or combined with an SWR meter. The one in an SWR meter can usually only measure an outgoing signal on a wire; the ones built into a radio can usually measure both the outgoing and incoming signal.

    A scanner is a good choice for finding out what is around you. you can also use a Scout, but they tend to be single-minded and lock on to the strongest single signal only.

    I believe from your description that the device you saw showing signals on a computer was probably a spectrum analyser. They are big bucks, but if you are handy, I've seen it done (don't ask me how) by adding some circuitry to an oscilloscope. Presumably you could add the same circuitry to a computer running oscilloscope software.
    • Re: S meters, computer software

      Fri, October 14, 2005 - 9:06 AM
      I have a Micronta SWR Tester that measures Field Strength. Many HF SWR testers have this option. You place a wire in the spot marked FS ANT. and off you go. This is not as good as a spectrum analyzer or a digital readout. It will let you know if you have RF in the shack and help you plot your antennas output. Not sure if this is what your looking for.
      • Re: S meters, computer software

        Fri, October 14, 2005 - 2:34 PM
        Yeah, thanks. That helps.
        • Re: S meters, computer software

          Mon, October 17, 2005 - 9:16 AM
          There are a number of radios out now that have these kinds of "band displays" (formerly known as panadaptors) built into them; most notably the Icom 781, and 746/756/7800 series.

          You can also sometimes find old Kenwood gear that would interface into their scope (the SM-220) with a panadaptor interface.

          Of course, they have some limitations, and with some, you're kind of stuck to the bandwidth of the receiver in question. To really get the "full" picture, you do indeed want a spectrum analyzer of some sort.
      • Ron
        Ron
        offline 0

        Re: S meters, computer software

        Wed, May 3, 2006 - 12:11 AM
        Hi Mike,

        A friend gave me one of the Micranta SWR testers (as mentioned in your October post) a few days ago, and I am clueless as how to use it...no instructions and I am new to all of this. I have my rooftop antenna hooked up to the unit, and then into my Kenwood TM400D transceiver. When I key the mic it activates the tester...and I have set the needle to the mid-point (just as it turns into the red part of the dial).This gives me a power reference number of 25...but I am not sure what that means. Any info you might be willing to share to help me understand this thing would be greatly appreciated.

        Best,
        Ron/KK6RRT
        73
        • Re: S meters, computer software

          Wed, May 3, 2006 - 8:45 AM
          I'm assuming that you have the same one I have, which would be a single-needle meter, with a switch and a knob.

          For SWR readings:

          Step 1. Put the meter in between the antenna and radio. The plugs on the back should be labeled as to which goes to the antenna and which goes to the transceiver. If you are using an antenna tuner (not likely in your case, I would think), then the antenna tuner needs to come *after* the meter, i.e. between the meter and the antenna.

          Step 2. Put your radio on a frequency near the centre of your area of interest. For example, you might use 29.6 if you are interested in 10m FM, or 28.650 (or 28.400 for Tech/Novice) if you are interested in 10m SSB, or 29.15 if you are interested in 10m AM, etc. 146.000 is probably a good choice for all of 2m, because antenna tuning becomes less finicky as you move into higher-frequency bands. Obviously, pick frequencies in whatever band you are trying to set up. Set your radio to CW if it has it, AM would be a good second choice, FM would be third. Do not use SSB for the test.

          Step 3. ID yourself. "KK6RRT Testing".

          Step 4. Set the switch on the meter to FS/CAL. Key the radio. With the radio keyed, adjust the CAL knob until the needle is perfectly touching the highest mark on the meter. Note that the reading may change when you take your hand off the knob, so you may have to fuss with it a little bit to get it right. Unkey the radio.

          Step 5. Flip the switch to SWR. Key the radio to take an SWR reading.

          Near the top of the meter will be a scale that reads from 1 at the left to ∞ at the right. This is your Standing Wave Ratio (SWR). It is a measure of the amount of energy that is being reflected back to your radio. If your antenna is properly tuned, then this reading should be fairly low. Generally, readings below 2:1 are good enough, and readings above 3:1 could potentially endanger your radio.

          Note that this is not a measure of antenna efficiency. A dummy load will always report a 1:1 SWR, but emits very little usable signal. It is, however, a good practice to get your antenna down below 2:1, or even lower if you feel like putting in the effort. Don't lose any sleep over it, though. Consider yourself accomplished if you get it down to 1.4:1 or lower.

          To use it as a field strength meter:

          Step 1: Insert the probe antenna into the socket on top labeled FS ANT.

          Step 2: Set the switch to FS/CAL.

          Step 3. turn the CAL knob all the way up.

          Step 4. Take your readings.

          Note in the field strength case, that actual measurements are not possible with this meter. It will allow you to measure relative field strength, but you cannot use it to put a definite number on it, such as 300μV/m. You can, however, use it to detect RF in the shack, and you can use it to figure out roughly what the radiation pattern of an antenna system is.

          You might also note that there have been a couple of different Micronta meters out there, that have different frequency and power ranges. The readings outside of the specified frequency range may be good, or they may not. As far as I know, none of the Micronta meters are any good at 440MHz, one is good for 222MHz and down (obviously including 2m, 6m and all HF) and several more are only good on HF.

          I hope this is helpful.

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